This proceeding is composed of contributions that present the research of PhD and masters candidates from the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague. These contributions were presented at the 5th annual conference Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering 2016. The conference was held in Prague on June 15, 2016. The organizers are pleased by the enthusiasm of students and professional public who regularly participate at conference and that the number of participants is constantly increasing. The traditional nano-related topics were extended to bring new insights into measurement and testing of microstructures or properties of materials on level at nano- and micro-scale.